The System Engineering Methodology is a set of working procedures, logical steps, and basic methods that should be followed to analyze and solve practical problems in system development, operation, and management. It is a general approach and overall framework for considering and addressing problems.
Classification of Systems#
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Soft Systems: Models that are unclear in terms of goals, structure, mechanisms, and are difficult to express using mathematical models. They are more focused on social, economic, cultural, and biological aspects.
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Hard Systems: Systems with clear goals, well-defined structures, clear mechanisms, and can be expressed using mathematical models.
Hall's Three-Dimensional Structure (Hardware System Methodology)#
Hall's Three-Dimensional Structure embodies the systematic, comprehensive, optimization, and procedural characteristics of system engineering methodology, and is an important foundation of system engineering methodology.
- Time Dimension: Represents the stages or processes of system engineering.
Planning Phase > Design Phase > Analysis Phase > Coordination Phase > Implementation Phase > Operation Phase > Update Phase
- Logical Dimension: Refers to the logical order and steps that should be followed in each stage of system engineering.
Identify the problem > System design > System integration > Modeling > Optimization > Decision-making > Implementation plan
- Knowledge Dimension: Represents the knowledge required for system engineering work and reflects the professional fields of system engineering application.
Checkland Methodology (Software System Methodology)#
The main content of the Checkland Methodology includes:
Understanding the problem > Problem definition > Establishing a conceptual model > Comparison and exploration > Selecting feasible solutions > Design and implementation > Evaluation and feedback
Comparison of the Two System Engineering Methodologies#
Both methodologies start with the problem and have corresponding logical processes, but there are some differences:
- Hall's methodology mainly focuses on engineering systems, while Checkland's methodology is more suitable for studying soft system problems such as economics and management.
- The core content of Hall's methodology is optimization analysis, while the core content of Checkland's methodology is comparative learning.
- Hall's methodology focuses more on quantitative analysis methods, while Checkland's methodology emphasizes the basic methods that combine qualitative and quantitative aspects.
Principles and Applications of System Analysis#
Concept and Elements of System Analysis#
Definition of System Analysis#
System analysis is the process of using techniques such as observation, prediction, optimization, simulation, and evaluation to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze various aspects of a system. It provides decision-making basis for choosing the optimal and most satisfactory system solution.
Six Elements of System Analysis#
Problem description > Goal determination > Solution formulation > Model establishment > Model evaluation > Decision implementation
System Analysis Procedure - Based on Hall's Logical Dimension#
Preliminary analysis (based on the 5W1H) > Normative analysis > Comprehensive analysis
Environmental Analysis#
Types of System Environmental Analysis#
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Physical and technical environment
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Business management environment
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Social environment
Significance of System Environmental Analysis#
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The environment is the material basis for the existence of system engineering problems.
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System analysis data comes from the environment.
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Environmental analysis is almost throughout the entire process of system analysis and plays an important role.
Principles of Applying System Analysis#
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Adhere to problem orientation.
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Aim for the whole.
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Analyze and optimize multiple models and options.
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Combine quantitative and qualitative analysis.
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Iterate multiple times.
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